Fluorine

Fluorine strengthens bones and teeth and prevents tooth decay.

Sources

Fluorine is found in many foods, though generally in very small amounts.

The main dietary sources of fluorine are seafood (e.g., oysters, mussels, clams, scallops, octopus, squid), seaweed, fish with bones, and tea. Some fruits (e.g., raisins, oranges) and vegetables (e.g., potatoes, beets), as well as wine, also contain fluorine.

Since the amounts present in food aren't enough to prevent tooth decay, Health Canada recommends adding fluoride, the ionic form of fluorine, to drinking water. However, some municipalities don't have access to fluoridated water. Regular use of a fluoride-containing toothpaste or mouthwash is also recommended.

Adequate intake (AI)

AI is the recommended average daily nutrient intake based on estimates of nutrient intake by groups of healthy people.

Deficiency

A fluorine deficiency can cause tooth decay and weak bones.

Toxicity

High levels of fluorine can lead to dental fluorosis in young children. Symptoms of this condition include stained or pitted teeth. Dental fluorosis can develop after taking too many supplements or ingesting large amounts of toothpaste.

Skeletal fluorosis, characterized by hardened bones and joints, results from an excessive accumulation of fluoride in the bones over a prolonged period. This is a very rare condition in Canada, as the concentrations of fluoride in drinking water and various products are well controlled.

Skeletal fluorosis can also affect the skeletal muscles, nerves, kidneys, and brain.

Supplements

Supplements are generally not necessary.

Children susceptible to cavities who don't drink fluoridated water may need a supplement. Before giving your child a fluoride supplement, it's important to bring them for an assessment by a dentist.

Always watch your diet: