Barium Meal
A barium meal is a type of X-ray investigation used to examine the upper digestive tract which consists of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). The test involves orally ingesting a contrasting agent known as barium. Using X-rays, the displacement of the barium is observed on a video screen, and X-ray images are taken at different times. This enables the entire upper digestive tract to be explored.
What is the purpose of this test?
The purpose of this test is to check the digestive system for certain diseases. It is normally ordered to further investigate unexplained digestive symptoms. For example:
- Swallowing problems
- Stomach pain
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Blood in vomit or stool
- Diarrhea with weight loss
Preparation
Instructions may vary among centres. It is important to follow the particular instructions that you have been given. They may include the following:
- Fast, meaning do not eat or drink anything for 8 to 12 hours before the test.
- Do not smoke or chew gum on exam day, as this may increase stomach secretions.
- Cleanse the intestine with laxatives.
Procedure
This examination takes place in a hospital or specialized clinic. Here's how a barium meal is usually performed:
- You'll first be asked to change into a hospital gown.
- You may be given medication to relax your stomach and bowel.
- You'll be asked to drink a given amount of liquid barium solution. In some cases, you may also be asked to swallow effervescent granules to expand your stomach and bowel.
- You'll be asked to stand or lie in different positions to capture the best X-ray images.
- The barium's movement through your esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine will be viewed on a screen. Several X-ray images will be taken at different times and from different angles.
- The procedure generally lasts 30 to 40 minutes, but may take longer depending on the reason for the test (e.g., if the small intestine also needs to be examined).
After the procedure
You must drink plenty of fluids to help flush out the barium. You may see barium in your stools for a few days; this is normal.
You can resume your regular diet and activities immediately after the procedure. Some people experience temporary constipation after a barium meal, which should resolve on its own. However, if it persists for several days, consult your health care provider.
Understanding the results
Results may be shared during or immediately after the procedure. However, the X-ray images will be assessed more thoroughly later. This examination can identify various digestive system disorders, such as a blockage or narrowing of the digestive tract, ulcers, polyps, and cancerous lesions.
A barium meal can also confirm that everything appears normal.
What you should know before going for this test
When you go in for a blood test or any other medical exam, it's always a good idea to bring a complete list of any prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, or natural health products you're taking. Unless otherwise advised, it's best to take your medications as usual on blood test days. If in doubt, don't hesitate to talk to your healthcare professional.
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The patient information leaflets are provided by Vigilance Santé Inc. This content is for information purposes only and does not in any manner whatsoever replace the opinion or advice of your health care professional. Always consult a health care professional before making a decision about your medication or treatment.